Six references, described the way an engineer would want to read them: what the problem actually was, what was specified, and what the verification showed.
Challenge · A 1V:2.5H pad slope with 60 m of stacked ore required an interface friction angle the smooth liner specified at tender could not deliver.
Solution · 2.00 mm double-sided textured HDPE with a 400 g/m² cushion and a biplanar solution collection geocomposite, verified by project-specific direct shear testing.
Outcome · Slope stability re-verified at 1.42 factor of safety; zero destructive seam failures across 14 200 m of weld.
Challenge · Gypsum-bearing subgrade with a dissolution risk, and a client requirement for a double barrier without doubling the excavation.
Solution · GCL secondary barrier directly on the prepared subgrade, 1.50 mm smooth HDPE primary, and a 300 g/m² separator beneath the cover soil.
Outcome · Leak location survey after first fill recorded no detectable defects over the lined area.
Challenge · A regulator requiring a composite base liner with demonstrable equivalence to one metre of compacted clay, on a site with no clay borrow within 90 km.
Solution · GCL plus 2.00 mm textured HDPE, a 600 g/m² cushion and a double-sided drainage geocomposite in the leachate collection layer.
Outcome · Equivalence accepted on index flux data; 41 000 m³ of clay haulage removed from the programme.
Challenge · 9 m of embankment over 14 m of normally consolidated marine clay, with a 22-month settlement programme the contract did not have.
Solution · Basal reinforcement with 400 kN/m uniaxial PET geogrid over a separation geotextile, combined with prefabricated vertical drains at 1.4 m triangular spacing.
Outcome · Primary consolidation completed in 7 months; embankment handed over inside the original programme.
Challenge · Exposed liner at 48 °C surface temperature, with daily harvesting traffic on the pond floor and a 15-year warranty requirement.
Solution · 1.00 mm white-surfaced smooth HDPE to cut sheet temperature and wrinkling, with extrusion-welded pipe boots at every inlet and drain.
Outcome · Measured sheet temperature 14 °C below the black control panel; no wrinkle-related repairs in the first season.
Challenge · A refinery bund required to hold 110 % of the largest tank, over a fractured limestone subgrade with direct connection to the aquifer.
Solution · Polymer-enhanced GCL beneath 1.50 mm smooth HDPE, a 600 g/m² cushion over the rock subgrade, and an electrical leak location survey before handover.
Outcome · Survey located and repaired 3 installation defects before commissioning; bund certified at first inspection.
Project references are representative of the systems supplied; client names are withheld under supply agreements.
A specification review before tender costs nothing and usually changes something.